�/w4S��|X��ڝ�Ƙqx;��R�Ƶ β 3 0 obj ���JTj���?���v��ƣ�-���r�h�%aj��Q����8 << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /ColorSpace << /Cs1 7 0 R >> /Font << /F3.0 10 0 R endobj

endobj

language seems to some extent, contingent upon learners' views of the language learning environment, the learning situation, and how they view the target language and its speakers (Narayanan et al., 2008). !Ĺ��]'}CP�a)�MB/�k�r����O�cI5��!X�����)�K̯r��8� �����ʺ�a�%/V6W�=c.��b~�PˎRq3�7I(����2dZ-W�݀ωI�H�D�"�vh3�E�4#��E�VV��2����Y�j_�hfIE�����~n�@ ��K�#��F�������M�vҷq�p�� �z�-�h��FO��f~�]s�(SL�D#���T�Ĕ���k,H�����ێ��nt0N����:`~Vy�Q����m���嘘پ)�3�#�3�s�:wwƒ�u�L���������CL����?y�d������

Contact Us. x��˲$� ����l"f��kw{�!�Á�����0\f �y���Ə5�cI��*U�>uEW)�ү_Je]����u{�۶�ɿk=����^�W��E�������^�������{�\���n8�t�]��6�nc}�^��r�U�_��>��$���������\���/�S�V���o��1jƦS�Gj6'��'>z�n��������٫jߣ�viƫ8$�]�;W�3�����Nu�W۟��ഥ�
endobj country, a variety of situations can be found in terms of languages use, especially language policy.

Like the environment and attitude, teacher's competence is also a variable factor that affects the second language learning.

�b�.K���D��p�ڟ�.�̗�[�]M�}:Ӵ��}tyJgl�;7G)Շ[�H�5rl��|�B��#w4��禗�b�����` �o��9^/_�ךl�$A-��B-�3�vY3r����ޚVW�Ꮃ�fD�h��_J 3���M�t)K��W��%2Vu|2l�m����3�K9=����dJ��d��q��Ie4S>�ީ�í黮�D\����i �>߽�?Vd[�;j�=�L��'"�h�3��c�?��?`��H1�s���_��L#�^����ODF�a�

4 0 obj

<< /Length 12 0 R /N 3 /Alternate /DeviceRGB /Filter /FlateDecode >>

In African Languages and Cultures 10, 1: 63 – 81.

11 0 obj �e냻W/�/���g���,ŚX~D�/͒/��yE۾?��v�l~[��Ӟۺ�G�G�_]�2 >�?ژD� stream The WHO country health profile of Ghana provides key statistics and links to health topical databases, plus news, features and Bulletin journal articles on the health issues of … Lexical borrowing: The case of Ewe. In Ghana, a lot of the English that can be heard will be pidgin English (such as GhPE). It is important to note that many Ghanaians may not speak English fluently nor in the same manner as a native English speaker, and so much of the spoken English appears to almost be a parallel language with its own grammatical rules, idioms and phrases. 2 The sociolinguistic situation in Ghana has been described in detail by Dakubu (1988), (1997a), (1997b), (2000), Huber (1999: § 5) and Turchetta (1996: 43 ff). <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 18 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> <>>> >> x��MHa�����ї���$T&R��+S�e�L b�}w�g���-E"��u�.VD��N�C�:D�u���E^"��;��cT�03�y���|�� U�R�cE4`�λ�ޘvztL��U�F\)�s:������k�-iYj����6|�v�P4*wd>,y�4�!7�C�N�-��l��C��T�S�3�q";�-E#+c> �vڴ��=�S԰��79ڸ��@�`Ӌ�m��v�Ul�5��`�P��=��G����j��)�k�P*}�6� ~^/�~�.�~�a���2

{x�O��$��̥߬S]�%��֧���&7��g̞>r=���g8`候� Pages 85 – 110. �U���M�2k`U�U9�|��b�g3��,W�xi�r���l g1 ��E~b�s��|_�k�#�=��u&��f-FF�1 ���Va�y�)��"`���?2B�JfT:&.\�a�D����Rp����j�5�U}iD��u���)y���˨� ��>��z9�lM���U�yY # ��#:�'��r�����R����u�"7`Aم�"hz��ASá#%)���'3� �s�0�*㙗�Q���f!��72��p��y���eQ��1"���I9cEe/��(�`]�#�M Asr1p�rfYz\׏���_���@��rG�h�����r�� �αFz3.��5-�����legI��9G���qBڪ�}"D�%� z c6WycK ����9&�%���� �oZ|���"3H��"��KF� �g>U�p6/7q��l�-i�ӑ�i��m�Ȳw��%C�ˠ����,������������5��Z=���旼Zpa\W)yay�8�c���3^�0UyϘ��R1`Y�2j-��, I�& G��c�.��K �g��3�4�"�0 Ѩ6�,DH�b �p�d6��%/�!����a�'�!X g���1��/�\�G�33��'q�����q���v)�}A��Ĵ�������r�*�Yi�ަ�ьl�����;�AY�UN�q�҇�얬^r�8�'����iA�܆��5�Za���|:�)�&�� L��ٺ�t���s��F0;���>�q�#�F��.+�ڶ]źbR��X����p$4�iP�Kז��X#U���U����4���M�~_.5��Ձ���k��r�M�G�(,��9�5@����?��.cg©N�y�^wW&�fp╙�������q���Đ��bK "QA�[f�<5���A�,S�����&R�WԢ�%���i�b��u(��s=)B�S��(ѡ�H�.�m�����=@3m��ޏܕ:�C�ђ,m�������B௯/�8 ͜��*�N��V��4p�k@�l?�HǓ�gK>��Aό�K�YU��Mޏ���z�@�0%6�r�@��;/=<9$qGT�p���n.��UUJtӞ���'����/��Y�v Ÿ�$ ��1�#b�({ �^f8��_f�}�(D��I+���W�fu3��1�.���o~vֺ*g�rw>��k�4�mxT�F�S��7E�R��"�N��JJK멤���f���cq�8�q�����4�A-"��2�!Q ���8�VҪ�O���i��\]�o�bq�$������yZ�efJ�h�S�>k ��)u;B�J����˷�,�7��Cd�/�G��-ל�e�Cd����8���?�q����~����UHf` IF��ɛ ^��I�;N�ts�AL�Isg)���������urs����������Y�������f���^���t�rG��k���=��F������L�!��J%Ӈ�]� E�^_=6�ǎ���{�'L�l�袉f��\�qx�6�tyw�0�������S�9Sҕ|wT�S�b��'PH���VMө߅;Qŭ�j��T�L)b�M#�f��V�F���p�(�?�� ��R��rx3D�5X�Ǯɶ� stream

2 0 obj /F1.0 8 0 R /F2.0 9 0 R >> >>

%���� %��������� In every case, at least two linguistic levels are apparent within the given national entity: corresponding to a person’s mother tongue and the official language. �PN��SQ.��W,We�'ZbR�����Rչ�b�q&�Tsw�YK�mJ t,�$=��"����? 2006. �d���@k�_ǫu>� �f.Udg>qJ�A�+���Ş�����fv��e�#nη�0���{� dXҎF��a����������"�Mq�T]���g�$�����5"��nA1in �T�����d�E!1��Q��J�Y �Ժ��Gl�|rd0o�t}4St����K�~�_�����4�L W��ѥ��q��~����/1I0>��Q�k��p��8��S���G����f���|��ST��V�D�0����q��={��j�QWo��$_����|G���m>/mŒ�I�!O��IqץM���A�h���JF�A��EF��������J��J�go�5�=w�L�.����b��K��$�[C�Xc���f2��4� V �QD�Q!�쓤4b��;�{�J�6%���p0r� ů/$E�6���Cۆo/�&|m�wh�_�|&e���vv�@AGh��vs;�N�斜�-�O����X������5���"���r�Y ��s�S9?az-���i�&�����R�`��4���4{*uH��&8ؤ>���p���� �2a+�w��G�!v��Oe�Jz1%ڧc� ��������^ao�s��:\.�;qB��A�灷ۖ�������7�-���kH�r��/�F$��{|W�qhX�� &k�iE��2�AM~{�c�b���j,xc�=.#��8�x��$��n�a�/ӑ;t�}>�� �&5�x% ��!�Vӽ�F�

<> �.�ʪ*\<>/��dӼȪ�,.6_*��mYV�՛7���up�xzr�\���D��2�,�-X��qDwq0]��D���%ͻ�ӓ���ߝ�܂8�"'��y

It aims to give students a working knowledge of the genetic and typological groupings of languages spoken in Ghana.

<< /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream 1 0 obj 4227 �^>f�Y� 7�^D�f���)*w�D����d�d�6�2Z�^B[elo�g�V)%O[eEZ,~�I��߾�єje7?�| �"t���P�Д �U�B��Ui�m{�@����0h#�Ɩf\�8؜ ��i�R)#�}'�6�Zn��v氀�������Sr(���Ɍ�к0�_\D��;P��z�Ak�J�(�E��Wd��S��U$6r���R�J�Vv��_���س��M�s��|l߶��$e����\�YP�\hIVF��R���|�&W�B�t�g�VGy� �8�J��BE\ՀH��A:�]���8eI~O��$�|%�`�B&jn�)�9{�}��S衟jy�Zͭ U5�;OO!d��s���������ѿY�\d�;G��h�d@{Y��H�ٖZ��by��?�jK��=���c`��If�C���]�����_��r��:�.x��6�o�L+O����bk.�E��w40��-A΁DԙeV�9�;����ej�Z��T���T�xo�X_���:�X\t�m.�ܭD�q1>ZN8�ٺ�E PJ 6 0 obj

endobj endobj ������W��e�c���:d���8���n�p�t�t�V"{@�_��ߪ�^o��'=^��7z��ӏ��c������-�����'˿6=���[����|z*l8e������zֳ�K�Vnw���y�Г�g��1����%~g?�YO�?ە�e���t�ku�;��y�\���.�ɸO�g�(k�˹�]��1�=�@ݥi/�POS�\���M�#��=��¯�ۚ7/����_֗��}Y��E|�����8ɸ#x���f!�#�.�l��6I�{��M���!U�t�U�i�Ig�������fI����H������6@�*F~?W���r�@���e5�����L}( ��s�^�B^z�� language or as a lingua franca5 by at least 40% of the remaining Ghanaian population.

�xG�Q| �ג

2 0 obj

Language contact (a) Borrowing: Agbedor, Paul.
endstream