The kernel must have specific options enabled to be directly bootable by the system's UEFI firmware. Using -fomit-frame-pointer (which doesn't keep the frame pointer in a register for functions that don't need one) might have serious repercussions on the debugging of applications. It uses a straightforward yet perhaps not intuitive syntax. Finally, to create the root partition, type n to create a new partition, then p to tell fdisk to create a primary partition. Make sure that every driver that is vital to the booting of the system (such as SCSI controller, etc.) Generated on September 22, 2020 at 04:09:04 UTC. install itself on the disk). Installing one of them is similar to installing a system logger. Which was very successful, but while I like Debian, I also like Gentoo. First create a very small BIOS boot partition. They can use the same commands as are permitted in src_install, and access the installation image ${D} and the temporary directory ${T}. The cdrecord utility from the package app-cdr/cdrtools can burn ISO images on Linux. The image is maintained by Gentoo developers and allows anyone to install Gentoo if an active Internet connection is available. It is, however, the choice that Gentoo believes most users will make. Users who have gone the GPT route have a couple more 'robust' options available to define partitions in /etc/fstab. Select the timezone for the system. This is important because if you do not test it before moving on it causes a lot of headache to figure out exactly what the issue is as it could be Xorg, the display manager, desktop environment, graphic drivers, etc causing display oriented issues if you just install everything at once and go on without testing first. Suppose there is a need for the last package updates (up to 1 hour), then use emerge --sync. The part of the IP that can be mapped on the ones is the network-part, the other one is the host-part. Confirm the wireless settings by using iw dev wlp9s0 link. The simplest way to set up networking if it didn't get configured automatically is to run the net-setup script: net-setup will ask some questions about the network environment. Then type 3 to create the third primary partition, /dev/sda3. Using the older default block device files (/dev/sd*N) for defining the partitions in fstab is risky for systems that are restarted often and have SATA block devices added and removed regularly. is it possible to swap out a genkernel generated kernel with a custom kernel post install? To view all available modules, run the following find command. This is not difficult at all. The term install will signify the boot loader copying files or physically modifying appropriate sections of the system's disk drive in order to render the boot loader activated and ready to operate on the next power cycle. The previous versions will be kept until the package manager is requested to clean up stale packages. In reality, such an IPv4 address consists of 32 bits (ones and zeros). In fact, due to several websites and services using encrypted communications (SSL/TLS), it might not be possible to download the installation files at all if the system clock is too far skewed! There are others available so take a look if you want a more beautiful one, or one that has more features. Once the ins and outs of disks are understood, partitions and filesystems can be established for installation. Readers who have no network or bandwidth restrictions can happily skip down to the next section. Exceptions can be made per-package in Before going to the creation instructions, the first set of sections will describe in more detail how partitioning schemes can be created and mention some common pitfalls. This will modify the display of the clock to local time. Throughout the remainder of the handbook, we will discuss and explain two cases: 1) GPT partition table and UEFI boot, and 2) MBR partition table and legacy BIOS boot. If not configured properly, the system might have lots of free space on one partition and little free space on another. The user option in the fourth field makes it possible for non-root users to mount the CD. Then type in that one magical command that initiates the final, true test: reboot. Most of the Gentoo system configuration files are created. This would make the entry in the file look like so: Now, compile the kernel sources by running genkernel all. The installation media can be installed on a USB stick or accessed via a netbooted environment. Be able to directly access floppy devices. every host that one wants to be able to reach must have a unique IP address). Wanna install Gentoo? A detected network card would result in something like this (again, eth0 here is just an example): If however the following error is shown, the network card is not detected: The available network interface names on the system can be listed through the /sys file system: In the above example, 6 interfaces are found. You’ll likely want to have audio, so take a look at ALSA. The selection of a stage tarball will directly impact future system configuration and can save a headache or two later on down the line. Unless a extended partition is created, MBR supports a maximum of four partitions. -O2 is the recommended default. Now continue with Configuring the bootloader. Sometime back, I did a post concerning a Debian offline install using DVD ISOs. Simply select the appropriate tab, right click the link to the stage file, then Copy link address (Firefox) or Copy link location (Chromium) to copy the link to the clipboard, then paste the link to the wget utility on the command-line to download the stage tarball: More traditional readers or 'old timer' Gentoo users, working exclusively from command-line may prefer using links, a non-graphical, menu-driven browser. Video This can be tuned even further by providing the ratio: To create a filesystem on a partition or volume, there are user space utilities available for each possible filesystem. The next section displays a short overview of the available kernels and their descriptions: Alongside the kernel, boot options help in tuning the boot process further. Hence the name, change root or chroot. Be sure to also read up on the DHCP client man page if specific DHCP options need to be set. Supported resolution is 1366x768. Found on hardware from roughly 2007 until the present, this device handle is perhaps the most commonly used in Linux. 3 talking about this. As an alternative to ifconfig, the ip command can be used to determine interface names. Gentoo Post-Installation Setup Guide. The following example shows the output of ip addr (of another system so the information shown is different from the previous example): The output above may be a bit more complicated to read than alternative. Btrfs also has the ability to create filesystems across multiple devices. The guide gives a starting point with a small script to get you up and running, from there it is recommended to read up on adding your own rules if you wish to allow or block anything else. The boot loader is responsible for firing up the Linux kernel upon boot - without it, the system would not know how to proceed when the power button has been pressed. It is also recommended to enable MCE features (if available) so that users are able to be notified of any hardware problems. You are about to enter the world of choices and performance. When using systemd-boot (formerly gummiboot), install: When using a traditional /boot layout (e.g. When prompted for the last sector, type +128M to create a partition 128 Mbyte in size: Now, when pressing p, the following partition printout is displayed: Type a to toggle the bootable flag on a partition and select 2. If in doubt: To build a kernel with Gentoo patches from source, type: System administrators who want to avoid compiling the kernel sources locally can instead use precompiled kernel images: Once the kernel is installed, the package manager will automatically upgrade it to newer versions. This effectively renders the ability to switch to multilib profiles improbable, but possible. Choose an appropriate kernel source and install it using emerge: This will install the Linux kernel sources in /usr/src/ in which a symbolic link called linuxw… Those who desire their systems to be capable of easily switching profiles should download the multilib tarball option for their respective processor architecture. He tirelessly managed Gentoo’s Perl support, and was active in the Rust project as well as in many other corners. This provides an easy graphical way to manage your firewall. Here, we use fdisk since it has a better text-based user interface. Substitute ${GATEWAY} with the right gateway IP address: Fill in the nameserver(s) using the following as a template. The necessary system tools are installed. On UEFI based systems, the UEFI firmware on the system (in other words the primary bootloader), can be directly manipulated to look for UEFI boot entries. This is intended more as a command reference / list … This page was last edited on 4 January 2015, at 15:16. /etc/resolv.conf contains the name servers for the network. Then type 4 to create the fourth primary partition, /dev/sda4. In most situations on Gentoo, /usr and /var should be kept relatively large in size. If not, please create a bug report for it so we can take care of it. If your wallpaper does not show up if you’re using xfce4 you may need to do the following, this worked for me when I had this error and the wallpaper would not change otherwise. You need applications, so here is a list of recommended applications to get you started. Package updates can be safely ignored for now; updates can be delayed until after the Gentoo installation has finished. The first field shows the block special device or remote filesystem to be mounted. Be aware though, as genkernel compiles a kernel that supports almost all hardware, this compilation will take quite a while to finish! Then execute the following command, substituting ${IP_ADDR} with the right IP address, ${BROADCAST} with the right broadcast address and ${NETMASK} with the right netmask: Set up routing using route. The default option is called gentoo. The useradd and passwd commands are used for these tasks. Post install setup guide to turn your base install into something complete. The Gentoo minimal installation CD is a bootable image: a self-contained Gentoo environment. Before we start, we first list what hardware requirements are needed to successfully install Gentoo on a amd64 box. parted was one of the first Linux block device management utilities to support GPT partitions, and provides an alternative. If the hardware clock is not using UTC, then it is necessary to set clock="local" in the file. Both fdisk and parted are partitioning utilities. However, one thing is true: it is vital to know the system when a kernel is configured manually. We try not to force users into anything they do not like. Let us take a look at how to write down the options for the /boot/ partition. A second important step in selecting mirrors is to configure the Gentoo ebuild repository via the /etc/portage/repos.conf/gentoo.conf file. If downloading from a mirror, the minimal installation CDs can be found as follows: Inside this location, the installation media file is the file with the .iso suffix. Such a service is called a name service. How many partitions and how big very much depends on considering the trade-offs and choosing the best option for the circumstance. Use the provided pppoe-setup script to configure the connection. This partition can then contain additional logical partitions (partitions within a partition). As an example, we boot the gentoo kernel, with dopcmcia as a kernel parameter: Next the user will be greeted with a boot screen and progress bar. With the Linux kernel configured, system tools installed and configuration files edited, it is time to install the last important piece of a Linux installation: the boot loader. Remember sys-boot/efibootmgr application is not a bootloader; it is a tool to interact with the UEFI firmware and update its settings, so that the Linux kernel that was previously installed can be booted with additional options (if necessary), or to allow multiple boot entries. There are currently two standard partitioning technologies in use: MBR (sometimes also called DOS disklabel) and GPT; these are tied to the two boot process types: legacy BIOS boot and UEFI. Some tools are missing from the stage3 archive because several packages provide the same functionality. Using this method requires a working network configuration and may not be available on all architectures. Unlike any other Gentoo-based system, it can install packages without building them from scratch. Finally, --numeric-owner is used to ensure that the user and group IDs of the files being extracted from the tarball will remain the same as Gentoo's release engineering team intended (even if adventurous users are not using official Gentoo installation media). As an example, we assume the proxy is called proxy.gentoo.org and the port is 8080. Portage will look in the make.conf file for the GENTOO_MIRRORS variable and use the mirrors listed therein. A commonly used value is native as that tells the compiler to select the target architecture of the current system (the one users are installing Gentoo on). Specifically, it will walk the reader through various init system commands (systemctl) and systemd-specific services (such as timedatectl, hostnamectl, etc.) Once the installation media is ready, it is time to boot it. By this point one should have a fully functional system but it is lacking something still! However, in some cases it may not auto-load the kernel modules needed by the system. The default USE settings are placed in the make.defaults files of the Gentoo profile used by the system. Unix and Linux have an excellent history of logging capabilities - if needed, everything that happens on the system can be logged in log files. Manually configuring a kernel is often seen as the most difficult procedure a Linux user ever has to perform. Previously we stated that every host has its own IP address. It is possible to surf to the Gentoo mirror list and search for a mirror (or mirrors) that is close to the system's physical location (as those are most frequently the fastest ones). Of course, if that memory is suddenly needed, these pages need to be put back in memory (page-in) which will take a while (as disks are very slow compared to internal memory). On smaller partitions, it is advised to increase the calculated number of inodes. It is very important that everyone understands that choices are what makes Gentoo run. This file contains the mount points of those partitions (where they are seen in the file system structure), how they should be mounted and with what special options (automatically or not, whether users can mount them or not, etc.). Others can be compiled with or without SSL support. This is just an example, and should be modified according to the partitioning decisions made earlier in the installation. Once imported, the user can then verify the signature of the .DIGESTS.asc file. It is also possible to append kernel parameters in /etc/default/grub using the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX variable. The date command can also be used to perform a manual set on the system clock. Alternatively, to specifically clean up old kernel versions: Due to technical limitations, distribution kernels can not automatically rebuild kernel modules installed by other packages.