The Fatih Camii Mosque in Amsterdam once was the Saint Ignatius Church. COMMENTARY 1,400 Years of Christian/Islamic Struggle: An Analysis By Richard C. Csaplar, Jr. By the time of the reign of Abd al-Rahmân II (822–852) Córdoba was becoming one of the biggest and most important cities in Europe. The editors reserve the right not to publish comments containing: incitement to violence, profanity, or broad-brush slurring of any race, ethnic group or religion. In the French region of Vierzon, the Church of Saint-Eloi has become a mosque. In January, Zvi Ammar, the president of the Marseille Israelite Consistory, recommended that Jews that stop wearing a kippah (skullcap) when out in the street. Who knows that learning process just might spread across the divisive lines both religions have erected. [107] Fundamentalism was defined as: the belief that believers should return to the eternal and unchangeable rules laid down in the past; that these rules allow only one interpretation and are binding for all believers; and that religious rules have priority over secular laws. Get out while you still can this time. A few days ago, Mr. Ammar announced another attempt at appeasement: the conversion of a historic synagogue into a mosque. Albania and the Kosovo area remained under Ottoman rule until 1913. The Ottoman Empire expanded into southeastern Europe, invading and conquering huge portions of the Serbian Empire, Bulgarian Empire, and all the remaining Byzantine Empire in the 14th and 15th centuries. Zvi Ammar asked this author. Bulgaria remained under Ottoman rule until around 1878, and currently its population includes about 131,000 Muslims (2001 Census) (see Pomaks). There will never be an end to immigration. Quantitative research is lacking, but he believes the European trend mirrors the American: data from the General Social Survey in the United States show that 32 percent of those raised Muslim no longer embrace Islam in adulthood, and 18 percent hold no religious identification. Their invaluable sacrifice for scientific point of view is being ignored in Europe itself. We disrespected their beliefs, their way of live, their colourful; marvelous diverse history, ignored it even though it has long been interwoven with our own. If I don't keep reinventing myself then my customers go somewhere else. (they didn't say how much, or how, they were supposed to 'pay', or indeed exactly WHY they were apparently supposed to 'pay' anything at all! 1. [109] The difference between countries defies a "reactive religious fundamentalism", where fundamentalism is viewed as a reaction against lacking rights and privileges for Muslims. Meanwhile, there is over one million Turks still living in the Balkans (especially in Bulgaria, Greece, Kosovo, North Macedonia, and Romania),[53] and approximately 400,000 Meskhetian Turks in the Eastern European regions of the Post-Soviet states (i.e. The earliest population figures in this report are for the year 2010. During his journey to Volga Bulgaria in 921–922, Ibn Fadlan observed the Rus', claiming that some had converted to Islam. [50] By 2010 up to 15 million Turks were living in the European Union (i.e. Keeping in mind that churches are burning all over the Middle East, Christian women raped Christian men beheaded for not "accepting" Islam why would anyone think that churches and synagogues in Europe converted to mosques is OK? The Emirate of Sicily was established in 965. And protesters in the West Bank demanded that mosques … [107], In 2017, the EU Counter-terrorism Coordinator Gilles de Kerchove stated in an interview that there were more than 50000 radicals and jihadists in Europe. [citation needed]. Regardless of religious belief, there’s something breathtaking about these sacred places, whose Islamic architecture is imbued with historic legacy. A short-lived invasion of Byzantine Sicily by a small Arab and Berber force that landed in 652 was the prelude of a series of incursions; from the eighth century to the fifteenth, Muslims ruled parts of the Iberian Peninsula, southern Italy, southern France and, several Mediterranean islands,[11] while in the East, incursions into a much reduced in territory and weakened Byzantine Empire continued unabated. In the Treaty of Karlowitz (1699), the Ottoman Empire lost most of its conquests in Central Europe. In Brussels, half the children in state schools choose classes in Islam; practicing Catholics amount to 12%, while 19% are practicing Muslims. In England, the St Marks Cathedral is now called the New Peckham Mosque, while in Manchester, the Mosque of Disbury was once a Methodist church. Between 1990 and 2010, the German Evangelical Church closed 340 churches. But, for whom? The French and other European peoples have already "woken up" but the ruling elites (who have no love for Christianity, except as a vague pretext for global altruism and national self-abnegation) suppress any action as a "far right" danger. Hence Putin's prohibiting LGBT propaganda in Russia 'to protect the children'. What they will realize is that the whole moral structure of our society has been based on Christianity, which everyone has subscribed to voluntarily, even if they are not religious.Islam is based on the Koran, and Sharia Law is the moral standard of Islam. For instance, Sir Richard Francis Burton, 19th-century English explorer, scholar, and orientalist, and translator of The Book of One Thousand and One Nights, disguised himself as a Pashtun and visited both Medina and Mecca during the Hajj, as described in his book A Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al-Medinah and Meccah. 3. I could be wrong, of course, and it could be the four letter word LOVE alone is responsible. I am reminded in all this of the last act in Hamlet. You could not even hear the Priest speaking. According to a survey, only 33% of French Muslims who were interviewed said they were religious believers. Opinion: Patient can take action against doctor over grievances about telemedicine consultation