The oblast's rich mineral and building and finishing material resources are in great demand on the Russian market. [2] Sedert 2002 woon 2 327 Jode (1,22% van die bevolking) in die streek en maak Russe 90% van die bevolking uit, gevolg deur Oekraïners (4,44%).[3]. Dit was ook ’n reaksie op twee sogenaamde bedreigings vir die Sowjet-staat: Judaïsme, wat teenstrydig was met die Sowjet-beleid van ateïsme, en Zionisme, die stigting van die moderne staat Israel wat teenstrydig was met die Sowjet-idee van nasionalisme. De geschiedenis van de Joodse Autonome Oblast kan grofweg worden opgedeeld in drie perioden. [29], On 7 May 1934, the Presidium of the General Executive Committee accepted the decree on its transformation into the Jewish Autonomous Region within the Russian Federation. Volgens de internationale gemeenschap is Sebastopol als stad met speciale status onderdeel van Oekraïne. At its height in the late 1940s, the Jewish population in the region peaked around 46,000–50,000, approximately 25% of the population. [19], Although Judaism as a religion ran counter to the Bolshevik party's policy of atheism, Vladimir Lenin wanted to appease minority groups to gain their support and provide examples of tolerance. [54], The population of JAO has declined by almost 20% since 1989, with the numbers recorded being 215,937 (1989 Census)[55] and 176,558 (2010 Census);[14] The 2010 Census reported the largest group to be the 160,185 ethnic Russians (93%), followed by 4,871 ethnic Ukrainians (3%), and 1,628 ethnic Jews (1%). 2. [37], According to the 1989 Soviet Census, there were 8,887 Jews living in the JAO, or 4% of the total JAO population of 214,085. In 1928 het die Sowjetunie ’n wet deurgevoer vir die afsondering van die streek vir die stigting van ’n Joodse gebied. Ná die Tweede Wêreldoorlog het die idee van die Joodse tuisland weer posgevat as ’n tuiste vir Joodse vlugtelinge. Dit is egter beëindig deur die doktersameswering (gerugte dat daar ’n sameswering onder Joodse dokters was om die Sowjetleiers te vermoor), die stigting van Israel en Stalin se tweede groot suiwering kort voor sy dood. Die projek het in die middel dertigs skipbreuk gely tydens Stalin se eerste groot suiwering. The five- to seven-year-olds spend two lessons a week learning to speak Yiddish, as well as being taught Jewish songs, dance, and traditions. Russia's Jewish Autonomous Oblast is a region in the Russian Far East, which borders Amur Oblast to the west, Khabarovsk Krai to the north, and China to the south. more . Die hoofstad is Birobidzjan. Between 1858 and 1882 many settlements consisting of wooden houses were founded. … [40] An April 2007 article in The Jerusalem Post claimed that the Jewish population had grown to about 4,000. The railway construction finished in October 1916 with the opening of the 2,590-metre (8,500 ft) Khabarovsk Bridge across the Amur at Khabarovsk. Oude Joodse Begraafplaats Old Jewish Cemetery. Koördinate: 48°36′N 132°12′O / 48.600°N 132.200°O / 48.600; 132.200, "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1959 года. [46], According to a 2012 article, "only a very small minority, mostly seniors, speak Yiddish", a new Chabad-sponsored synagogue opened at 14a Sholom-Aleichem Street, and Sholem Aleichem Amur State University offers a Yiddish course. [17] The location that was initially considered in the early 1920s was Crimea, which already had a significant Jewish population[17] Two Jewish districts (raiony) were formed in Crimea and three in south Ukraine. Weereens is Joodse leiers vervolg en pogings is aangewend om die Jiddisje kultuur uit te wis. Sommige geleerdes meen Stalin het beplan om alle Jode in die Sowjetunie na die Joodse oblast te deporteer, nes hy met baie ander volke gedoen het. [15] Judaism is practiced by only 0.2% of the population of the JAO.[16]. Teen 1991 het Jode minder as 2% van die bevolking uitgemaak. De Joodse Autonome Oblast is de enige autonome oblast in Rusland, en, op Israël na, het enige gebied ter wereld met een officiële Joodse status. [21][23] However, an alternative scheme, perceived as more advantageous, was put into practice. Die Doktersameswering was dalk die eerste stap in hierdie rigting. This led to many non-Jews settling in the oblast to get a free farm. OpenStreetMap is a map of the world, created by people like you and free to use under an open license. (nl) Żydowski Obwód Autonomiczny (Еврейская автономная область) – terytorium wchodzące w skład Federacji Rosyjskiej, stanowi część Dalekowschodniego Okręgu Federalnego. [27][35], After the war ended in 1945, there was renewed interest in the idea of Birobidzhan as a potential home for Jewish refugees. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. Pavel Sudoplatov and Anatolii Sudoplatov, with Jerrold L. Schecter and Leona P. Schecter, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (. [20], In 1924, the unemployment rate among Jews exceeded 30%, partially as a result of pogroms[21] but also as a result of the policies of the USSR, which prohibited people from being craftspeople and small businessmen. [17] This military colonization included settlers from Transbaikalia. [1], Volgens die 1939-sensus het 17 695 Jode (16% van die totale bevolking) in die gebied gewoon. Het verhaal van Birobidzjan en het Joodse Autonome Oblast gaat over een gepland Joods thuisland in Russisch Verre Oosten. – Only in Siberia", "Revival of a Soviet Zion: Birobidzhan celebrates its Jewish heritage", "In Eastern Russia, the Idea of a Jewish Autonomy Is Being Brought Back to Life", "Срок строительства моста из ЕАО в Китай перенесли на осень 2021 года", "Work Starts On First China-Russia Highway Bridge", "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров", "Перепись-2010: русских становится больше", "Естественное движение населения в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации", American Committee for the Settlement of Jews in Birobidjan, Official website of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Stalin's Forgotten Zion: Birobidzhan and the Making of a Soviet Jewish Homeland: An Illustrated History, 1928–1996, Meeting of the Frontiers: The Birobidzhan Album (1920s–1930s photographs of Birobidzhan), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jewish_Autonomous_Oblast&oldid=1011880286, Russian-speaking countries and territories, States and territories established in 1934, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Articles containing Russian-language text, Articles with Russian-language sources (ru), Articles containing Yiddish-language text, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Articles with dead external links from July 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 13 March 2021, at 10:57. The bridge is expected to open in the end of 2021[53] and is expected to transport more than 3 million tonnes (3.3 million short tons; 3.0 million long tons) of cargo and 1.5 million passengers per year. [46][47], As of 2012, the Birobidzhaner Shtern continues to publish 2 or 3 pages per week in Yiddish and one local elementary school still teaches Yiddish. It was an autonomous area, but a bare frontier, not a political center.″[26], On 28 March 1928, the Presidium of the General Executive Committee of the USSR passed the decree "On the attaching for Komzet of free territory near the Amur River in the Far East for settlement of the working Jews.