Megiddo, which is a location today found in the northern half of Israel, has been the location of many battle historically. Along the coast, British forces captured Beirut seven days later. When the guns fell silent, XXI Corps' infantry surged forward against the Ottoman lines. These were intended to gain positions that could command the road network behind the Ottoman lines. Guided by Emir Faisal and Major T.E. If an enemy of Egypt controlled Megiddo, it could block the pharaoh from reaching the rest of his empire. https://www.thoughtco.com/battle-of-megiddo-2360442 (accessed March 13, 2021). Though Allenby intended to crush the Ottomans in the spring of 1918, he was quickly forced on the defensive when the bulk of his troops were reassigned to aid in defeating the German Spring Offensives on the Western Front. Other articles where Battle of Megiddo is discussed: World War I: The Turkish fronts, 1918: In this Battle of Megiddo, a British infantry attack swept the astonished defenders aside and opened the way for the cavalry, which rode 30 miles north up the coastal corridor before swinging inland to cut the Turks’ northward lines of retreat. So king Thutmose II launched his first campaign against the coalition between the Canaanites of Megiddo, t… Megiddo is one of the most important battlefields in the world, and Allenby himself commanded one of the battles of Megiddo. At 4:30 AM, British artillery commenced a brief preparatory bombardment which lasted around fifteen to twenty minutes. It successfully combined cavalry, infantry, artillery, armoured vehicles and aircraft to achieve a decisive victory over the Ottoman Turks and their German allies. After holding at Romani in August 1916, British Egyptian Expeditionary Force troops began advancing across the Sinai Peninsula. The battle consisted of a massive push into the Ezdraelon Valley [?] Surging forward, the corps was to secure passes near Mount Carmel before entering the Jezreel Valley and capturing the communication centers at Al-Afuleh and Beisan. Though his troops had slowed Chetwode's advance, his flank had been turned and he lacked sufficient men to fight the British on two fronts. A short quiz will follow the lesson to check for your understanding. On August 26, 1914, one of the first battles of World War I started when Russian troops attempted to invade German territory in a multi-pronged ambush. Hickman, Kennedy. Quickly overwhelming the stretched Ottomans, the British made swift gains. Rapidly advancing, he entered Jerusalem in December. Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. Pulling out on the night of September 20/21, his rearguard was able to delay Chetwode's forces. All details of the battle come from Egyptian … It is the first battle to have been recorded in what is accepted as relatively reliable detail. But Allenby, a senior military man, chose the title of 1st Viscount Allenby of Megiddo, and he knew why. We will learn about what led to these developments, and how they affected the course of the war. In the wake of several defeats and due his willingness to exchange territory for enemy casualties, he was replaced with General Otto Liman von Sanders. We will explore his involvement in the Russian Revolution and the establishment of Soviet Russia. Throughout the course of WWII, leaders of many Allied nations met many times to discuss strategy. THE BATTLE OF MEGIDDO AND ITS RESULT 84 to Trans-Jordan as well as to the north, in fact directly to Kadesh. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. By the night of September 19/20, the Desert Mounted Corps had secured the passes around Mount Carmel and were advancing onto the plain beyond. Following the lesson, you can test your knowledge with a quiz. Then, near the end of the war, two historic conferences shaped the post-war world. Ennobled after the war, Allenby took the name of the battle for his title and became First Viscount Allenby of Megiddo. Page 7 – Battle of Megiddo The final battle of the Palestine campaign in September 1918 resulted in arguably the most decisive British victory of the war – and … Learn about this wartime agency and its significance, and then test your understanding with a quiz. In this lesson, we will learn about America's entry into World War I in 1917, and Russia's exit from the war between 1917 and 1918. These actions led von Sanders to send Al-Afuleh's garrison to Deraa's aid. The battle was subdivided by the British Battles Nomenclature Committee into the battles of Sharon, on the coast, and of Nablus, in the Judean Hills, either of which name makes rather more sense the Megiddo. Hickman, Kennedy. To prevent such a withdrawal, Allenby intended for Lieutenant General Philip Chetwode's XX Corps to advance on XXI Corps' right to block the passes in the valley. Additionally,  Lawrence and the Arabs supplemented these initiatives by cutting railways to the east as well as mounting attacks around Deraa. The Yalta Conference and The Potsdam Conference: US Diplomacy & International Politics During World War II. Learn about this event, including the factors that contributed to the collapse of the American economy. American Civil War: Battle of Chickamauga, Pharaoh Thutmose III and the Battle of Megiddo, M.S., Information and Library Science, Drexel University, B.A., History and Political Science, Pennsylvania State University, 57,000 infantry, 12,000 cavalry, 540 guns. This done, Lieutenant General Harry Chauvel's Desert Mounted Corps would press through the gap. Causes of World War I: Factors That Led to War. Megiddo was more important than the cities on the ends of the other passes, because it was more central. Pushing forward, British forces secured Al-Afuleh and Beisan later in the day and came close to capturing von Sanders at his Nazareth headquarters. The attacks of September 19 effectively broke the Eighth Army and Jevad Pasha fled. Striking through the Judean Hills, Chetwode was to establish a line from Nablus to the crossing at Jis ed Damieh. The annals describe in lavish detail 14 campaigns led by Thutmose III in the Levant, the booty gained through his campaigning, tribute received from conquered regions, and, lastly, offerings to … The city fell to the Arabs on October 1. To provide the materials for the U.S. effort in World War I, the federal government created the War Industries Board. Slessor highlighted that at the Battle of Megiddo, 19–25 September 1918, in contrast to Amiens, air power had enabled the surprise and deception essential … One of the best planned and implemented battles of World War I, Megiddo was one of the few decisive engagements fought during the war. The United States in World War I: Official Position, Isolation & Intervention. The Battle of Megiddo that took place in September of 1918 was fought in the modern nation of Syria. It functioned as a hub. We will explore how warfare was conducted within these contexts, and learn about the new technologies that made this possible. With Eighth Army destroyed as a fighting force, Mustafa Kemal Pasha found his Seventh Army in a dangerous position. The Battle of Megiddo was fought between Egyptian forces under the command of Pharaoh Thutmose III and a large rebellious coalition of Canaanite vassal states led by the king of Kadesh. The Battle of Gallipoli was a struggle that took place in World War One when British and Anzac forces tried to take a series of straits called the Dardanelles. The Jezreel Plain has the form of an isosceles triangle with Mt. As a result, his entire reserve consisted of two German regiments and a pair of under-strength cavalry divisions. The Spanish-American War: Causes, Goals & Results. As the Ottomans lacked reserves, the Desert Mounted Corps rapidly advanced against light resistance and reached all of its objectives. Refilling his ranks with largely Indian divisions, Allenby began preparations for a new offensive. Its name, which has been described as "perhaps misleadin… After a second attempt against the city failed, Murray was relieved and command of the EEF passed to General Sir Edmund Allenby. Russian General Samsonov led his Second Army from the southwest, while General Rennenkampf marched the First Army through the northeast. ThoughtCo, Feb. 16, 2021, thoughtco.com/battle-of-megiddo-2360442. The British won the battle over a combined Ottoman and German force. Winning minor victories at Magdhaba and Rafa, their campaign was finally halted in front of Gaza by Ottoman forces … It was not for freedom, it was not an internal conflict. Battle of Megiddo September 19 - 21, 1918 was an important milestone in General Edmund Allenby 's conquest of Palestine during World War I. A day later the battles of Megiddo began, leading to the annihilation of the Turkish 7th and 8th Army. He has appeared on The History Channel as a featured expert. Services, Working Scholars® Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. King Thutmose III took the throne from his step-mother queen Hatshepsutwho was able to build an advance prosperous country and a very powerful, well- trained organized army and pass it on to him before passing away. Har Megiddo in Hebrew meaning, “at the hill of Megiddo”. from the west, through the Karmel ridge then engulfment of … In this lesson, we discuss the migration of thousands of African Americans from the Southern states to the Plains after the Civil War. Mustafa Kemal Pasha's Seventh Army held a position from the Judean Hills east to the Jordan River. The Battle of Megiddo. Lawrence, Arab forces ranged to east where they blockaded Ma'an and attacked the Hejaz Railway. To the west, the 53rd Division of Chetwode's corps also made some minor attacks in the hills above the Jordan. To the east, the Ottoman Fourth Army, now isolated, began an increasingly disorganized retreat north from Amman. Megiddo sits near the middle of the base. The Battle of Megiddo was a study in contrasts as modern British weaponry and techniques were complemented by the ancient fighting techniques of … Megiddo is also the first recorded use of the composite bow and the first body count. © copyright 2003-2021 Study.com. That same day, the Anzac Mounted Division captured Amman. John explains that there will be a clash between the forces of … Shortly after midnight on September 19, Allenby began his main effort. In this lesson, we will look specifically at the way World War I was waged on land, at sea, and in the air. The Battle of Megiddo (19-25 September 1918) marked the beginning of the final British-led offensive in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign. Holding along a line running from the Mediterranean east to the Jordan River, Allenby kept pressure on the enemy by mounting large-scale raids across the river and supporting the Arab Northern Army's operations. The King’s Highway, the major arterial route running north–south, passed by this locality; Egyptian control of Megiddo was necessary for that of Palestine, and city could only be reached through this interior route. John, in Revelation, tells us that the last battle of history will take place on the Plains of Armageddon. German and Ottoman forces found themselves encircled by British Empire and French forces under General Sir Edmund Allenby. The Annexation Debate & Rebellion of the Philippines. In 1918, British forces fought against an Ottoman Empire army at Megiddo during World War 1. The Battle of Megiddo (Turkish: Megiddo Muharebesi, less commonly known as the Battle of Armageddon and sometimes called the Rout of Nablus (Nablus Hezimeti) or the Battle of the Nablus Plain by the Turks), from 19 September to 1 October 1918, and its subsequent exploitation, was the culminating victory in British General Edmund Allenby's conquest of Palestine during World War I. With aircraft attacking every three minutes, the survivors of the Seventh Army abandoned their equipment and began to flee across the hills. On 18 September 1918 Faysal's army, operating from its forward base in Azraq, destroyed the railway around Dera and thus isolated the village completely. As a final objective, XX Corps was also tasked with securing the Ottoman Seventh Army headquarters in Nablus. Under the direction of Major-General John Monash (who, after the war, went on to become a distinguished Australian in many fields and even had a university named after him), the Australian 3rdDivision was successful in the attack at Messines. Otherwise, it War Industries Board: Definition & Significance. Perhaps his answer should have been Jerusalem – the most important city he conquered. Two days later, the Ottoman garrison from Ma'an, having been cut off, surrendered intact to the Anzac Mounted Division. In the fighting during the Battle of Megiddo, Allenby lost 782 killed, 4,179 wounded, and 382 missing. They had nothing to gain from getting involved. Megiddo – now in the north of Israel, about 25 miles from Haifa – is a place where some of the greatest battles in history have taken place. Exactly how this relates to our own dating system is uncertain, and historians have variously dated the battle to 1457, 1479 or 1482 BC. The Battle of Megiddo was fought September 19 to October 1, 1918, during World War I (1914-1918) and was a decisive Allied victory in Palestine. Eastern France and Belgium, 1914 - Advance of German Right Wing, The Battle of Frontiers. Short on men and unsure of where the Allied attack would come, von Sanders was forced to defend the entire front (Map). These included the Anzac Mounted Division simulating the movements of an entire corps as well as limiting all westbound troop movements to after sunset. Kennedy Hickman is a historian, museum director, and curator who specializes in military and naval history. The Japanese Invasion of Manchuria in 1931. The battle of Megiddo, 19-25 September 1918, was the climactic battle of the British invasion of Palestine of 1917-1918. ʿAfula, Beisān, and even Nazareth, farther… The infamous Battle of Megiddo was fought between the pinheads of dickland and gobble gobble Turkey (Turkish: Megiddo Muharebesi) also known in Turkish as the Nablus Hezimeti ("Rout of Nablus"), or the Nablus Yarması ("Breakthrough at Nablus") was fought between 19 and 25 September 1918, on the Plain of Sharon, in front of Tulkarm, Tabsor and Arara in the Judean Hills as well as on the Esdralon Plain at Nazareth, Afulah, Beisan, Jenin and Samakh. During the day, the RAF spotted Kemal's column as it passed through a gorge to the east of Nablus. The battle is generally dated to 1274 BC from the Egyptian chronology, and is the earliest battle in recorded history for which details of tactics and formations are known. Traditional location of the “Battle of Armageddon” which precedes God’s final judgment on … Not only did this help the Allies push back the Central Powers in Palestine, it also helped to ensure that the British would have influence in the region once World War 1 was over. Western Civilization 1648 to the Present: Help and Review, Western Civilization Since 1648: Homework Help Resource, Praxis World & U.S. History - Content Knowledge (5941): Practice & Study Guide, Western Civilization I: Certificate Program, DSST Western Europe Since 1945: Study Guide & Test Prep, Western Europe Since 1945: Certificate Program, CLEP Western Civilization II: Study Guide & Test Prep, Western Civilization From 1648 to Today: Certificate Program, Michigan Merit Exam - Social Studies: Test Prep & Practice, History 100: Western Civilization from Prehistory to Post-WWII, CSET Social Science Subtest I (114): Practice & Study Guide, Military history of Australia during World War I, Biological and Biomedical Battle of Megiddo. Learn about the work of early feminists, changing roles of women and notable women suffrage leaders who pushed for women's right to vote. The following lesson will cover the German war tactic known as blitzkrieg, which was used with great success in World War II. (2021, February 16). You will read about the build up to, and the motivation for, the invasion. Although World War I began in Europe, it is important to take a look at World War I in relation to U.S. history as well. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, the United States entered WWII. Earn Transferable Credit & Get your Degree, Get access to this video and our entire Q&A library. … World War One: On Land, at Sea & In the Air. In this lesson, we will explore the way in which Europe was a sort of 'powder keg' in the years leading up to World War I. It was fought over expansion and the idea of spreading American influence in the Caribbean and in the Philippines. The word ‘Armageddon,’ Greek for Har Megiddo (Mount Megiddo in Hebrew), had never been mentioned before Revelation. In this Battle of Megiddo, a British infantry attack swept the astonished defenders aside and opened the way for the cavalry, which rode 30 miles north up the coastal corridor before swinging inland to cut the Turks’ northward lines of retreat. After her death, the kings of Megiddo and Kadesh rebelled against him as viewed him as unworthy and weak. The Battle of Megiddo (19-25 September 1918) was the climactic battle of the Sinai and Palestine campaign of the First World War (1914-18). A veteran of the fighting on the Western Front, including Ypres and the Somme, Allenby renewed the Allied offensive in late October and shattered the enemy defenses at the Third Battle of Gaza. Sciences, Culinary Arts and Personal Having had success in earlier campaigns, such as Gallipoli, von Sanders believed that further retreats would fatally damage the Ottoman Army's morale and would encourage revolts among the populace. All we can say with certainty is that it took place in the first half of the 15th century BC. Trench Warfare During WWI: Definition, Facts & Conditions. The lesson is followed by a quiz that will test your understanding. ʿAfula, Beisān, and even Nazareth, farther north, were in … So, they tried to stay neutral, but as American interests started to lean toward the Allied Powers, many events happened to give the States the final push to enter the war. We will examine the sources of tension among the European powers and explore how these played a role in the outbreak of World War I. Blitzkrieg During WWII: Definition, Facts & Warfare Strategy. The Ottoman defense of Palestine fell to the Yildirim Army Group. In approximately 1479 B.C., Thutmose III, pharaoh of Egypt, led an expedition against the prince of Kadesh who was in Megiddo. The Allies. |date=}}During Thutmose III's first campaign in the Levant, his personal scribe, Tjaneni, kept a daily journal on parchment. As British forces had captured the railway line north to Tul Keram, Kemal was compelled to retreat east from Nablus through the Wadi Fara and into the Jordan Valley. The Battle of Megiddo was fought September 19 to October 1, 1918, during World War I (1914-1918) and was a decisive Allied victory in Palestine. World War I: Battle of Megiddo. Hickman, Kennedy. Monash was ably assisted by another Major-General, William Holmes. In approximately his 42nd regnal year, many years after his campaigns in the Levant had ended, Thutmose III instructed his artisans to inscribe his military exploits into the walls of Amun-Re's temple at Karnak. Revelation 16:16 – In the apocalyptic vision, the kings are gathered in the area of “Armageddon”. The lesson will focus on the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, and describe its aftermath. Supported by a cadre of German officers and troops, this force was led by General Erich von Falkenhayn until March 1918. In this lesson, we'll look at how the Philippines changed following the 1898 Spanish-American War. The sources do not report the exact numbers and dynamics of the conflict. Commencing their attack a day earlier, it was hoped that XX Corps' efforts would draw Ottoman troops east and away from XXI Corps' line of advance. Deception efforts were aided by the fact that the Royal Air Force and Australian Flying Corps enjoyed air superiority and could prevent aerial observation of Allied troop movements. ThoughtCo. Working in conjunction with Arab forces, Allenby's troops won several minor actions as they closed on Damascus. The Great Depression: The Wall Street Crash of 1929 and Other Causes. The Book of Revelation, the last Book of the New Testament, gives it as the location of the final battle between Good and Evil, and of the end of the world. After the battles of Megiddo the British and Arab troops moved rapidly forward to the North. We will highlight the systems of alliances and take a look at key diplomatic events, such as the Zimmermann telegram controversy and the Sykes-Picot Agreement. Not only did this help the Allies push back the Central Powers in Palestine, it also helped to ensure that the British would have influence in the region once World War 1 was over. In English, we call it Megiddo. Pressing his advantage, Allenby drove his forces forward and began to capture large numbers of enemy troops in the Jezreel Valley. Around 1:00 AM, the RAF's Palestine Brigade's single Handley Page O/400 bomber struck the Ottoman headquarters at Al-Afuleh, knocking out its telephone exchange and badly disrupting communications with the front for the next two days. It was fought because the forces of the Ottoman... See full answer below. The Spanish-American war was a new kind of war involvement for the U.S. In an effort to increase the chances of success, Allenby began employing a wide variety of deception tactics designed to convince the enemy that the main blow would fall in the Jordan Valley. While the Filipinos may have hoped for independence, the Americans had different ideas. The year is 1458 BCE, and the regent female pharaoh of egypt, Hatshepsut, has just died, leaving the throne of the Egyptian Empire to Thutmose III. In an effort to halt the rout, von Sanders attempted to form a defensive line along the Jordan and Yarmuk Rivers but was dispersed by British cavalry on September 26. This military strategy proved unsuccessful as a miscommunication on the Russian side led to a widely dispersed and weakened Ar… Learn more about why these Exodusters left the South and how they tried to start new lives. The Battle of Megiddo secured Thutmose III's fame as one of Egypt's greatest warrior pharaohs and set the tone for Egyptian hegemony in Syria-Palestine that lasted until the fall of the New Kingdom over 200 years later.southern path was a road to the town of Taanach (Ta'anach), about four miles southeast of … Placing Lieutenant General Edward Bulfin's XXI Corps on the left along the coast, he intended for these troops to attack on an 8-mile front and break through the Ottoman lines. This aerial assault disabled many of the Ottoman vehicles and blocked the gorge to traffic. The 1918 Battle of Megiddo took place in September of 1918 and lasted until October 1. The objective was to force the Germans from the ridges around Messines and then enable British forces, including Ulst… Women's Suffrage & Early Feminism: Movement, 19th Amendment & Leaders. Moving out on September 22, it was attacked by RAF aircraft and Arab forces. We just know that, a part of the Allied forces of Egypt had been lost in the clash with Josiah at Megiddo, and the Assyrians had long been outnumbered (having regard to the loss of Nineveh and Harran). All rights reserved. Assuming command, von Sanders placed Jevad Pasha's Eighth Army along the coast with its line running inland to the Judean Hills. In this lesson, we will learn about some of the famous battles of World War I. The battle of Megiddo is the first battle to be recorded in full detail in ancient history, as it was a custom for the chief military scribe “Tjaneni” to inscribe all the records of the battle in hieroglyphs on the temple of Amen-Ra in Thebes, Karnak. Relentlessly attacking, the British aircraft struck with bombs and machine guns. Learn about World War II's famous Battle of Britain, one of the biggest air battles of all time and the first place where Adolf Hitler was ever defeated. With their forces in complete disarray, the Ottomans made peace on October 30 when they signed the Armistice of Mudros. "World War I: Battle of Megiddo." "World War I: Battle of Megiddo." What was the importance of the Battle of Megiddo in 1918? It is also famous as the last great cavalry victory. Afterwards you can test your knowledge with a quiz! The Battle of Megiddo (Turkish language: Megiddo Muharebesi) also known in Turkish as the Nablus Hezimeti ("Rout of Nablus"), the Nablus Yarması ("Breakthrough at Nablus") was fought between 19 and 25 September 1918, on the Plain of Sharon, in front of Tulkarm, Tabsor and Arara in the Judean Hills as well as on the Esdralon Plain at Nazareth, Afulah, Beisan, Jenin and Samakh. The U.S. was greatly affected by the war. Learn all about the start of World War II and why the League of Nations could not stop aggression by Italy, Germany and Japan in the 1930s, which led to the outbreak of this second global conflict. Having opened a hole in von Sanders' front, Allenby pushed the Desert Mounted Corps through the gap while XXI Corps continued to advance and widen the breach. Similar to the weeping in the Plain of Megiddo. Diplomacy of World War One: Secret Agreements & Diplomatic Arrangements. In this lesson, we will explore the diplomatic history surrounding World War I. In this lesson, we'll take a quick and direct look at the causes that led up the war and the assassination that was the final catalyst. The Pacific Ocean Theater of WWII: Japan vs. In this lesson, we will examine the role Vladimir Lenin played as a leading architect of the communist system. Watch this video to learn about some of the key battles, as well as the general nature, of the Pacific theater of the war. Ottoman losses are not known with certainty, however over 25,000 were captured and less than 10,000 escaped during the retreat north. How did Marshal Petain save France from total... How might political economy help explain World... What troops were involved in the Gallipoli... Where did the Battle of Vimy Ridge take... Where did the Battle of Fromelles take... What weapons were used in the Battle of Vimy... Who was involved in the Battle of Vimy... How did the Battle of Vimy Ridge affect... How long did the Battle of Passchendaele... Why was the Battle of Passchendaele important... Battle of Britain: Definition, Facts & Summary. In this lesson, you will learn about the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931. After holding at Romani in August 1916, British Egyptian Expeditionary Force troops began advancing across the Sinai Peninsula. October 29, 1929, marked the beginning of the Great Depression in the United States. Tabor at the apex. The United States' best option was to stay out of World War I. ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience and for our. We will learn why these battles are important and how they affected the course of the war. Along the coast, the 60th Division advanced over four miles in two and a half hours. Commencing preliminary operations, the RAF bombed Deraa on September 16 and Arab forces attacked the around town the next day. As the situation on in Europe stabilized that summer, he began to receive reinforcements. In 1920 they gained a mandate to oversee Palestine, which was a type of pseudo-colonial relationship over the people there. The following lesson will cover a method of ground fighting that occurred mainly in World War I called trench warfare. The battle. While these two held the line, Mersinli Djemal Pasha's Fourth Army was assigned to the east around Amman. The women's suffrage movement became one of the most prominent areas of reform during the Progressive movement. Meeting light to no resistance, Allenby directed his units north and Aleppo fell to the 5th Mounted Division and the Arabs on October 25. With this done, the Ottoman Seventh and Eighth Armies would be forced to retreat east across the Jordan Valley. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/battle-of-megiddo-2360442. Winning minor victories at Magdhaba and Rafa, their campaign was finally halted in front of Gaza by Ottoman forces in March 1917 when General Sir Archibald Murray was unable to breakthrough the Ottoman lines. World War II: The Start of the Second World War. Historically, Megiddo was an important city because it overlooked the route from Egypt through Syria to Mesopotamia. Ancient Egyptian records, on which we rely for accounts of the Battle of Megiddo, place it in Year 23 of the reign of Pharaoh Thutmose III, on the 21st day of the first month of the third season.